一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称跟数上坚持一致,主谓一致必需遵守三原则:语法一致原则,意思一致准则,就近一致准则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:
tom is a good
student.
汤姆是个好学生。
they often play football on the playground.
他们常常在操场上踢足球。
2.
意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意思为复数,因而谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
my
family are having lunch now.
咱们一家人当初正吃午饭。
twenty dollars is too
expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.
就近一致:指谓语动词用单数情势仍是用复数情势,取决于最凑近他的主语。例如:
not only the teacher but also his
students like playing football.
不仅老师爱好踢足球,而且他的学生也爱好踢足球。
there is a
pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型
1.
单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。例如:
the desk is tom’s.
这张桌子是汤姆的。
some water is in the bottle.
一些水在瓶子里。
the
students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2.
many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“很多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如。名词性从句它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,从高考的考查的实际情况来看,
名词性从句 考得最多的是宾语从句。
many a student has been to shanghai.
很多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:
more than one student has ever
been to beijing.
不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
介词的用法介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语。4.
表现时光,价钱,分量,数量,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
two months is a
long holiday.
两个月是一个长假。
tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.
2
0英镑并不太重。
ten miles isn’t a long distance.
1 0英里并不是一段很长的间隔。
five minus four is one.
5减4即是1。
5.
主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
each boy and each
girl has got a seat.
每个男孩跟女孩都有一个座位。
every man and every woman is at
work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and 。方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,
(just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
one and a
half hours is enough.
一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
to see is to believe
眼见为实。
doing eye exercises is good for
your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛非常有利。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
a student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生测验不迭格。
9.
当主语局部含有with,together with,along with,as well
as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
mike with his father has
been to england.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
mike,like his brother,enjoys playing
football
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
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